1. Ecology is the study of:
Answer: C. the relationship of living organisms with each other and their physical surroundings
Biology Class 11 Unit 15: Ecology MCQs
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2. The major unit of ecology is the:
Answer: C. ecosystem
3. An ecosystem consists of atmosphere, hydrosphere, soil and:
Answer: B. biological communities
4. The variety of different species in an ecosystem is called:
Answer: B. biodiversity
5. A group of organisms which can breed freely and produce fertile offspring is a:
Answer: B. species
6. Members of a species living in a geographical area at a given time form a:
Answer: C. population
7. Co-evolving populations of different species form a:
Answer: B. community
8. The biosphere includes:
Answer: C. all the ecosystems on the earth
9. The abiotic factors of an ecosystem include:
Answer: C. light, air, water, soil and basic elements and compounds
10. The biotic components are classified as:
Answer: B. producers, consumers and decomposers
11. Producers are:
Answer: B. autotrophs like plants, algae and some bacteria
12. In aquatic ecosystems the main producers are:
Answer: C. phytoplankton such as algae
13. Plants convert light energy into:
Answer: B. chemical energy
14. Consumers are:
Answer: B. heterotrophs
15. Herbivores are:
Answer: B. primary consumers
16. Cattle, deer, rabbit and grasshopper are:
Answer: B. herbivores
17. Secondary consumers feed on:
Answer: B. primary consumers
18. Frogs, snakes and lions are mostly:
Answer: B. secondary consumers
19. Wolf, owl and hawk are:
Answer: C. tertiary consumers
20. Major decomposers of the ecosystem are:
Answer: B. bacteria and fungi
21. Decomposers act on dead organic matter by secreting:
Answer: B. digestive enzymes
22. The sequence of organisms through which food and nutrients move is a:
Answer: B. food chain
23. Interconnected food chains form a:
Answer: B. food web
24. Food webs are important because they:
Answer: B. provide alternatives for food at each trophic level and maintain balance
25. Each stage of a food chain is called a:
Answer: B. trophic level
26. The first trophic level is occupied by:
Answer: C. producers
27. The second trophic level (T2) consists of:
Answer: B. primary consumers
28. The third trophic level (T3) consists of:
Answer: B. secondary consumers
29. The fourth trophic level (T4) consists of:
Answer: B. tertiary consumers
30. There are fewer organisms at higher trophic levels because of:
Answer: B. decreasing energy availability
31. The ultimate source of energy for life on earth is the:
Answer: B. Sun
32. The flow of energy in an ecosystem is:
Answer: B. unidirectional (non-cyclic)
33. Productivity is the rate at which:
Answer: B. organic matter is created by producers through photosynthesis
34. Total solar energy fixed by producers in photosynthesis is:
Answer: B. gross primary productivity (GPP)
35. Net primary productivity (NPP) is:
Answer: B. GPP minus respiration of the producers
36. NPP appears as:
Answer: B. organic matter or biomass of producers
37. NPP is the food available to:
Answer: B. consumers and decomposers in the ecosystem
38. In photosynthesis about what percent of incident radiation is converted?
Answer: C. 1 percent
39. Energy transferred from one trophic level to the next is about:
Answer: B. 10 percent
40. Energy loss between trophic levels is through:
Answer: B. respiration, growth, reproduction, non-predatory death, excretion, heat and faeces
41. The pyramid which is always upright and most useful is the pyramid of:
Answer: C. energy
42. Ecological pyramids represent:
Answer: B. a proportionate relationship between organisms at different trophic levels
43. The pyramid of biomass represents the total ... at each trophic level:
Answer: C. dry weight of living material
44. The pyramid of numbers shows:
Answer: C. the number of organisms at each trophic level
45. Biomass is the:
Answer: B. dry weight of all living material in the ecosystem
46. The movement of nutrients from environment to organisms and back is a:
Answer: B. biogeochemical cycle
47. The major reservoir of water is the:
Answer: C. ocean, containing over 97 percent of available water
48. The water cycle is driven by:
Answer: B. solar energy and gravity
49. Rain, snow, dew and sleet are forms of:
Answer: C. precipitation
50. The top of the saturation zone of the ground water is the:
Answer: B. water table
About Biology Class 11 Unit 15 MCQs (Federal Board)
These 196 Biology MCQs cover Class 11 Unit 15: Ecology of the Federal Board (FBISE) HSSC-I (1st Year / Class 11) syllabus. They are SLO-based MCQs as per the new pattern for FBISE exams. Each question has four options and the correct answer is shown, so you can practise for the annual examination and find the topics you still need to revise. The questions are split over 4 pages of 50. Use the Print button to save this chapter as a PDF.